: Based on race, colour, or ethnic origin.
: Based on gender identity, sexual orientation, or HIV/AIDS status.
: It must target the group with hatred , serious contempt , or severe ridicule . 🔍 Types of Protected Attributes
: It must encourage or stir up others to feel certain emotions.
: It must happen in a public place or be communicated to the public (e.g., social media, speeches, flyers).
In many jurisdictions, particularly in Australia, vilification is regulated under anti-discrimination laws. To be considered unlawful vilification, an act generally must meet three criteria: