The Emperor In The Roman World: 31 Bc-ad 337 Today
The emperorship began with , who consolidated power by holding several Republican offices simultaneously rather than declaring himself a king.
: A major portion of the emperor's time was spent hearing appeals and making verdicts, serving as the final legal authority of the Roman world.
: By becoming Pontifex Maximus in 12 BC, Augustus permanently linked imperial authority with sacred leadership. 2. Communication and the Social Role of the Emperor
Contrary to a strictly top-down dictatorship, the Roman emperor functioned largely through a system of "petition and response".
: Communication was often initiated by subjects—private citizens, cities, or associations—who sent embassies to request favors, legal rulings, or financial aid.
: He styled himself Princeps ("First Citizen") to maintain a facade of Republicanism while exercising absolute authority.
: Augustus used tribunicia potestas (tribunician power) to veto legislation and control the Senate, and imperium maius to command all provincial governors and the Roman army.
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