In software testing, and drivers are "mock" components used as temporary replacements for modules that are not yet developed or available. They are essential for incremental integration testing , allowing you to test specific parts of a system in isolation. 1. Stubs (The "Called" Program)
A "Login" module that needs to verify credentials against a "Database" module. The Problem: The Database module isn't finished yet.
Create a Stub for the Database. When the Login module calls checkUser() , the Stub simply returns true (success) without actually searching a real database. This allows you to verify if the Login module correctly redirects the user to the dashboard. 2. Drivers (The "Calling" Program)
It is passive; it waits to be called and returns hardcoded or predefined data. Example Scenario:
A stub is a dummy module that simulates a . It is used when the main module is ready for testing, but the sub-modules it depends on are still being built.
